Rescue Diver

Hopefully, since we are now getting short glimpses of spring, divers are starting to plan for outings and courses for the summer.  Open water divers will want to schedule their adventure dives for Advanced Open Water. For those who want to delve more deeply into a particular dive experience, specialty courses, such as Underwater Navigator, Peak Performance Buoyancy, Wreck diver and Night Diver are your ticket.  But if you are a diver who really wants to stretch his skills and expand from caring just for himself to caring for others, then Rescue Diver is the course you want.

There are many reasons people give for wanting to take the Rescue Diver course beyond just a stepping stone to Divemaster or instructor.  For example, a diver may have a child or loved one as a dive buddy, or they are the most experienced diver in their group.  These divers feel that others are relying on them to be ready to help if there is an emergency, so they want to prepare themselves.  Sometimes, the diver was a witness to an emergency and didn’t like having to stand around not knowing how to help and have vowed to be ready the next time.  Whatever the reason a person takes the Rescue Diver course, they always come away saying that it was the most challenging and rewarding course they have taken.  As an instructor, it is so rewarding when a former student shares a story of how their training kicked in at the appropriate time. 

Here is an excerpt from an e-mail we received from Sarah Barrett, a student of ours who has recently earned her dive instructor certification in Florida:

“Two days before our divemaster course was over, we were teaching an open water class with two open water students: Sam, who was 67, and actually his dad who was probably in his 80's. We had done some of their confined water skills in the morning, and then in the afternoon we took them both out for the open water dives. On the second dive towards the end, I looked over upon ascent, and Sam was signaling to another kid in my class that he was out of air, although you could see he was still breathing from his primary. Aaron, the kid in my class, gave Sam his alternate anyway, and they ascended together. Once we all got to the surface, Sam spit his regulator out of his mouth and started yelling "It felt like I wasn't getting any air!" over and over again, so we calmed him down a little and said it was time to swim over to the boat. While on our way to the boat, we were holding onto the mooring line, and Sam tried to grab a piece of it, but over and over again would grab the air-we immediately knew something wasn't right. Claude, my divemaster instructor, said "Sam are you ok?" and Sam kept saying "No." Before we knew it Sam had put his head back in the water and fell unconscious. Me and Aaron immediately started towing Sam back to the boat as fast as we could, while Claude removed his weight belt, and we unclipped his gear as we got closer to the boat. Claude yelled to the captain that we had a REAL emergency, and I yelled at the first mate to get the O2. This was the scary part-Sam's face was so blue it scared the living crap out of me. I had never seen anyone look that blue before. As I kept Sam's airway open, we all lifted him onto the back of the boat (and he was probably 250 so it wasn't as easy as it sounds.) We then got him onto the boat and gave him oxygen right away, and within a minute or two he was able to open his eyes and tell us that he was ok. After we got back to the canal obviously we had to meet the ambulance and the coast guard, and Sam was taken to the nearest hospital. He is ok and his dad, Jim, actually came back the next day to finish his open water.

             Needless to say I was blessed to have had my rescue training with you guys, because right when Sam went unconscious, I didn't think, I just acted. It felt amazing to have helped actually save someone's life, and I just wanted you two to know that you did an amazing job in preparing me for a situation like that. I'm also glad it had such a good ending and that Sam was okay!”

The course starts with the prerequisite Emergency First Response course.  In the EFR course, the student learns first aid, CPR, AED and oxygen use.  During this course we start to introduce some diving scenarios in order to start participants thinking how these skills apply in a diving situation.  Moving into the actual Rescue Diver course, we spend a couple of nights in the classroom working our way through the manual. Then the fun begins! We spend an entire day practicing rescue skills and playing out some situations with the help of volunteer “victims” in open water.  The next day, we return to the open water where the instructor and volunteers set up real life scenarios that the Rescue Diver candidates must react to and act upon. Scenarios are played out until each candidate responds appropriately and with confidence.  It is exhausting and exhilarating at the same time! Best of all, successful candidates earn not only the certification card, but the coveted Manta Divers’ red touque.

Emergency First Response course is scheduled for April 1 & 3 at 6:30 at the shop

Rescue Diver course is scheduled for May 20 & 22, classroom, June 6 & 7 open water training.

Entry Safety

Last weekend we were down in Kankakee and as I watched divers enter the water, I was surprised that so many of them just do not know how to make a proper giant stride entry!

Now if you remember from your open water course, to execute this entry, you first complete your pre-dive safety check with your buddy.  Then, you step to the edge of the dock or boat swim platform.  You add a little air to your BC, secure your console with your left hand and your mask and reg in your right.  You quickly check that the water below you is clear, then look at the horizon and step off.  The key here is to STEP. It drives me completely bonkers when I see a diver hop off the dock!

The dangerous difference between step and hop is this: When you hop, you are briefly in the air, touching neither the dock/boat nor the water.  Now in the case of the boat entry, the danger is that the boat will move under you in that instant that you are aloft and you, or most likely your tank, will come crashing onto the deck, causing damage to your gear and the boat, as well as physical harm to you. You are not safe hopping from a dock, either.  If you are not really stretching that leg out, you may come down on the edge of the dock.  Again, the risk of harm to gear and person is great.

I ask myself, “How can I explain this better?”  Ok, Monty Python fans, remember the ministry of silly walks? Imagine making an exaggerated step into the water, looking straight ahead, clutching your console on the left and holding your right hand over your face, against the mask and regulator. Catholics, think if yourself genuflecting into the water, but instead of moving your leg backwards, you step forward.  Think of your bending knee hitting the water before the foot at the end of it.  How about Captain May I?   Captain, may I take one giant step off this dock?  Hopefully you are getting the picture.

...and now for some completely different entry techiniques.

Once the diver is in the water, I observed that divers either make the “OK” sign immediately upon bobbing to the surface,(how do they know yet if they are OK?) or they do not signal at all.  It should go like this: The diver strides into the water.  He continues to hold on to his mask and reg while he briefly submerges and then bobs to the surface.  While continuing to hold his mask with his right hand, with his left hand, he checks that the mask strap is still in place, and repositions it is needed.  He then briefly checks that everything feels alright and decides if he is OK to start his dive. He then signals to the surface support person “OK.”

This may seem like the ramblings of a crusty old dive-Nazi instructor, and I guess there are days that I may resemble one, but there is a reason why the skill is taught in a specific fashion.  It is for the safety of the diver!  I believe that most divers are careful about assembling their gear, checking their air, and planning their dive, but they forget that their dive can end before it starts if they don’t enter the water safely.

A Busy Day at Pearl Lake

Yesterday we had a busy day at Pearl Lake, teaching three Open Water students, two Peak Performance Buoyancy students, and one Rescue Diver. The rescue course, the last step before professional diving courses, is particularly fun to teach. Through the course study and the skill development, the instructor gets to see the student’s transformation from an independent minded diver to one who cares for others at a high level. The other aspect of the course is that we enlist the help of other divers to serve as victims, our preferred choice being successful former Rescue Diver students.

As our rescue student, Sarah Barrett, was communing from Indiana to take our course, and under a time crunch, we made a special class for her. In the pool, we were lucky to have Manta Diver Kathryn Elliott, who just happens to also be a lifeguard trainer, act as victim for skill development. She challenged Sarah to deal with simple rescue of tired divers, to full on irrational panicked divers, to finding and surfacing with an unconscious diver, as Mike coached Sarah through the exercises. Kathryn was a huge help and it showed in Sarah’s performance in the open water.

After skill development, Rescue Diver students must apply what they have learned in the open water through a number of scenarios. For this portion, we enlisted the help of Sheryl and Jerry Brandes, who took the rescue course last summer. As recent graduates of the course, they bring a special talent for playing the victim and their input during debriefing provides a unique perspective. In addition, as with everything we do, we want everyone to be safe, so having a number of rescue divers on site is always a plus.

At the end of the day, not only do we thank everyone who helped in getting Sarah through the course, but we hope everyone, including the newly certified divers, learned something or took something away from the exercises, be it a skill, or inspiration to work toward becoming a rescue diver themselves.

Diving in Northern Wisconsin

Diving is something I love to do anywhere, anytime, but to me, as far as freshwater diving goes, nothing beats the unspoiled waters of northern Wisconsin.

Waking Saturday morning to the sound loons calling eerily from across the lake, we piled into our cars, making our way to the restaurant for a hearty pre-dive breakfast.  Over eggs and hot coffee, we chatted about our upcoming day, searching, doing certification skills and simply exploring the uncharted depths of Butternut Lake.  As we rented a pontoon, we reviewed some boat dos and don’ts for good measure.

Dive trailer packed!  Did you know that
kitty litter is an important material to have for every dive?

There she is, the USS Dive-like-crazy

Arriving at the lake, we soaked in the view.  The crisp air meeting the comparatively warm water caused a fine mist to rise over the lake, giving the scene a surreal soft focus. The water was flat, undisturbed, except for a duck or two paddling through, leaving an ever-widening V in their wake.  We set to work assembling our gear, confident that we would be the only divers on the lake.  There would be no vying for parking spots or disappointment when the features you were looking forward to seeing are obscured by silt.

I was anxious to get my soon-to-be divers into the water, experiencing for the first time what it is like to be in the lake that made such a beautiful view for us all this morning.  A diver’s first time in freshwater can be a little unnerving, with a thick suit to wear, visibility far less than the pool, and unknown animals lurking in the depths.  I hoped that new students would put aside whatever fears they had and just take in the experience, trusting in their training and my skills as their mentor and protector.  I briefed our plan and helped them don their gear and finally we were able to splash. 

After walking into the lake to water deep enough to take the weight off our gear, we helped each other don our fins.  We reviewed the plan once more and made our descent.  Once we settled on the bottom I surveyed the scene: sandy bottom, tree trunks and assorted vegetation hiding crayfish, and the occasional bass scooting by to see what was up. The best thing was that the visibility was great, a fact that would surely make my students a bit more comfortable.   I listened to breaths taken and bubbles blown out.  I love that sound. 

We took off into the wild, causing crayfish to abandon their hide-outs, thereby creating meal opportunities for bass.   Our goal was to acclimate ourselves to the environment and gear and to not touch the bottom and ruin the visibility. When you are the lone diver in a lake, it is a special challenge to mind your buoyancy;  if the clear water becomes turbid, you cannot thrust the blame onto anyone else. 

Between dives, we lazed under clear skies, breathing in the fresh, clean air.  We cooked out and shared our experiences on the uncrowded lawn, chatting with the occasional fisherman, giving information on the location of fish and getting information on the possible location of lost anchors or fishing poles.

Finally, our happy band of divers watched the setting sun stretch shadows of trees across the lake while loons again ventured out onto the water.;   We spent the balance of the daylight touring the lake in our pontoon boat, tired, but satisfied with several new dives recorded in our logs.   Yes, North Woods diving has its own charm.

I Had The Best Pool Session Yesterday

I just had the best pool session yesterday!  It wasn’t that the students were perfect, on the contrary it was because they were not.

The session started out fine, just me and my two students, ready to start their snorkel swim.  I explained what they were to do: swim 300 yards continuously with mask, fins and snorkel, keeping their faces in the water the entire time. 

The first student started off with what he thought was a good mask and snorkel.  The other student got into the water and told me, eyes big as saucers that she was scared.  I encouraged her to just put her face in the water and breathe from the snorkel for a few minutes to calm down. She tried it for a moment or two and then told me that she just did not think she could do it.  I suggested that she try breathing while she swim slowly and perhaps with other things to think about, she would forget that she did not like to breathe through her mouth, and off she went.  I was a little skeptical, starting to strategize my next step towards getting her through this, but lo and behold she kept going!  In fact, she never had to be reminded to keep her face in the water, even once.  She completed the swim all smiles.

Meanwhile, my other student was stopping every few yards, swimming and checking that the snorkel was out of the water, probably because as part of my briefing, I mentioned that if a person swims too fast, the snorkel can submerge.  When he stopped altogether, he stated that his snorkel was constantly filling with water, but as I watched him swim, the snorkel remained out to f the water.

Thinking that perhaps there was a little leak in the purge at the bottom of the snorkel, I encouraged him to try to breathe out a little more forcefully and perhaps that would help. I offered him my snorkel if that did not work.  He completed the swim, but was clearly disgusted with his purchase. (I later suggested a dive shop I know with expert sales people who would help him get a scuba-worthy set up.)

I called Mike to bring me another mask and a proper snorkel for him to finish the session, although I was impressed that despite his difficulty, he kept right on, determined to complete all the skills.  That determination served him throughout the course of the day.

As the day wore on, there were challenges, and I heard, “I don’t think I can do this!” a little more than I like, but in the end, both students were able to pull themselves together, Stop, Think and Act, and soldier on until all the skills were mastered.

As an instructor, this sort of challenge is most rewarding. It was a test of not only my instruction in the pool, but my facility in helping them apply what they learned in the classroom.  Of course, it helps when the student is taking the course out of personal desire and not because someone else suggested it, but even with a properly motivated student, when there are fears and difficulties, the instructor must become the perfect balance of mentor, coach and cheerleader, and I always throw in a little nurturing “Mama Duck” for good measure.

A good pool session indeed!

Oh boy! Buoyancy!

As I prepared for this weekend’s Buoyancy Clinic at the Rec Plex pool, I thought back to when I was a new diver.  In class, I imagined myself mastering the buoyancy skill quickly; after all, how hard could it be?  Air in to go up, air out to go down!  I learned soon enough, however, that it was not nearly as easy in the water as it had been in my head.
We all were taught in class that good buoyancy is valuable not only because it can help protect the diver and the marine environment from harm, but it helps to preserve underwater visibility.  Most of all, though, is that it helps the diver to relax and exert less energy, which leads to decreased air consumption.
Once new divers are free of the stress of having to demonstrate their underwater skills, and they start to dive without their instructor, their “blinders” come off.  They see themselves as a peer to other certified divers, but recognize that they still have a way to go with regard to their technique.   They start to understand the consequences of losing buoyancy and stirring up the bottom of the lake.  They see that some divers are floating without finning or struggling to maintain position in the water.  Most of all, they wish that they were not always the first one back on the boat with only 500psi.

Also, if you encounter a plant in a pool, remain calm.
Paniked breaths waste air!

So how does a diver improve his buoyancy?

Number 1: Weights

• Use only as much as you need.  Newer divers tend to be overweighted because they have not yet gained enough confidence in their skills to relax.  Their breathing rate is increased due to nervousness and the energy expended making lots of unnecessary movements, such as waving their hand to descend or keep themselves from rolling over.  The more relaxed the diver, the less weight they need.  The added bonus of losing a little lead, is that the diver’s descent rate decreases allowing more time for equalizing.  Perform a buoyancy check at the beginning of each dive and reassess your weight needs.  With your wetsuit fully saturated with water and no air is trapped inside, deflate your BC and hold a full breath of air.  DO NOT MOVE!  If you are floating at eye level, then you are close to the right weight.  When you exhale all of your breath, ideally, you will float down like a leaf.  It will probably be necessary to take an additional quick breath in to allow you to continue to descend, but once you have a couple of feet of water above you, breathe normally and continue to your planned depth.
• Make sure you are using the right configuration of weights.  Many BC’s have “trim pockets” which allow the diver to move some of the weight towards his head.  This works to keep the diver’s fins in line with his body, rather than trailing below him.  When a diver is in a more horizontal position, it has the added advantage of decreasing inadvertent fin contact with aquatic life.  Conversely, if the diver tends to be in more of a “head down” position, moving the weights lower by lengthening his BC straps transfers the weigh toward the fins and aids in a more horizontal posture in the water.

Number 2:

Make sure your BC fits.  Occasionally, the BC a diver is issued during class or at the rental counter at the dive resort may not be exactly the right fit. If the BC is too large, it will be sloppy when trying to turn or move in the water. At times it can feel as though the tank is sliding off your back. A BC that is too small may not provide adequate lift.  The BC should be snug without restricting breathing or movement.  Owning your own BC makes it easier to fine tune buoyancy because it is the right size and the fact that the diver is familiar with it will decrease stress.
Number 3:
Breathe slow and deep.  Slow, deep breathing is used in relaxation classes for good reason: it has the physiological result of slowing your heart beat and therefore your breathing rate.  It also has a calming effect, reducing stress and tension.  Remember that your BC is your course adjustment for buoyancy, but your lungs are the fine tune. As a diver inhales and exhales, he moves up and down in the water.  When the breathing is steady and the rhythmic up and down movement predictable, divers can anticipate their position and use that to their advantage.

Number 4:
Check your gear.  Know that whenever you add or subtract gear, even something as minor as a flashlight, your buoyancy can be affected.  Certainly any major change, such as a new BC or wetsuit, or change of environment, such as saltwater to fresh may warrant a significant change in the actual amount of lead you carry, whereas adding a camera may only necessitate shifting weights to a lower or higher position on your body.

Number 5:
Practice.  I estimate that when a diver really works on his buoyancy, it takes about 15 good dives to really start mastering the skill.  If a diver does not work on it of course it will take longer.  Get out there and dive. If you want some expert coaching, choose Peak Performance buoyancy for one of your Advanced Open Water adventure dives, or take the Peak Performance Buoyancy Specialty course.  

Please note: Hovering is not the same as levitation 

Good buoyancy is a key skill to master if a diver wants to really enjoy the sport, but it comes naturally only to a lucky few.  The rest of us must work on it and find those keys that will unlock Find a dive buddy and learn the joy and freedom that proper buoyancy gives you.

If you are interested in improving your buoyancy, we have added another clinic to the schedule.  Join us at the Rec Plex on March 9 at 8am.  Prior registration is required. Stop in at the shop and get signed up! As always, please like us on Facebook, share this blog on Twitter or leave a comment and give us some feedback.  We would love to hear from you!  Tune in next week for “6 things you need to know so you won’t be “that guy” on the dive boat.”

Six Things you need to know about shore diving in Bonaire

As you know, I just returned from a wonderful week of shore diving in one of the Caribbean’s premier spots, Bonaire.  I love shore diving for the freedom it affords: start your dive when you want, stay as long as your air and decompression model allows, and stretch your dive planning skills.  However, since most divers traveling to the Caribbean only dive from boats, I thought it would be a good idea to share what I’ve learned about shore diving in Bonaire.

Number 1

Get a good pair of booties. Bonaire’s shore line is composed of coral rubble overlying a volcanic base.  With the weight of your tank and gear, it can be especially painful to on the feet.  You want something that will not only protect your feet on the terrain, but give you good traction on unstable ground.  Though not many entrances were thick with sea urchins, a thick soled bootie will give added protection from spines that you could accidentally step on.  Remember that if you change booties, though, especially to something a bit more substantial than you had, you need to make sure that they will still fit into your fins.

Everyone like good booties!

Number 2
Study a good guide book before going to familiarize yourself with the sites.  Look for a book that not only describes the site, but rates the ease of entry, the suitableness for snorkeling, current and other environmental conditions. Some areas, such as the south end of the island, have strong currents and the force with which the waves hit the shore makes the entry quite tricky.  Many of the entrances are a short walk from where you will park your truck, but others require a long walk down (and later up) stairs.  Some sites have easy entries, but the exit is a bit challenging.  At Oil Slick Leap, for example, the entry is a fun giant stride off the side of the island, but to get out, you need to climb a ladder. If you have a camera or heavy weights, you may want to enlist the help of your buddy and make the exit in several trips.  Don’t forget that many of the resorts have nice docks or ladders that provide easy access to their “house reefs,” so if you are not confident walking into the surf and dealing with waves, explore these sites.  You will have just as much fun.

Number 3
Check your air!  Before even leaving the dive shop verify that your tank is full. Many (less experienced) divers forget that once the tank has been used, the cap should not be replaced, so it is folly to assume that the tank is full because the cap is in place.  You do not want to get all the way to the north end of the island to discover you have only 1500psi for your whole dive.  Check that your air is on before entering the water.  This is easy to do: simply take a breath from your regulator while looking at the pressure gauge.  The needle will not move if the air is on.  Check your air often during the dive.  There is no DM there reminding you to monitor your pressure and everyone knows how easy it is to lose track of time when you are in sensory overload from all the wonderful marine life you are seeing.
Number 4
Once you arrive at your chosen dive site, take a look at the entry and plan the best path to enter. Then, walk in with your regulator in your mouth, especially if the surf is rough.  Waves often come in threes, a big wave followed by two smaller ones.  By keeping an eye on the wave action, you should be able to anticipate it, but if you get distracted, you could easily be swept off your feet, with waves rushing over you.  If your regulator is in your mouth, you can take your time to right yourself without fearing that you can’t breathe.  Occasionally it is best to get out just deep enough to float above the rocks and coral, then lie in the water and snorkel out to deeper water.  Don your fins as soon as is feasible.  

Number 5

Buddies must help each other with entries and exits.  Scope out all entrances with your buddy to determine the best route to take.  Look for a sandy channel between rocks.  Walk in together and help each other get fins on in water that is waist deep or deeper.  If you have cameras, one of you can gear up and get into the water with the help of the other. Then bring the camera out to the diver already in the water.  The second diver then gears up and walks in.  Upon the exit do the reverse.

Number 6

Look back at your exit point.  Bonaire has sites all along its shoreline and especially if there is a current at all, you could end up exiting by a site further down from where you entered.  That will result in a long walk in all your gear in order to get back to your truck.  Look for landmarks, such as a “Cargill” sign, or the slave huts or stacked beach debris.  When doing night dives, you can place two lights, one shallower than the other.  When returning, look for the lights and align yourself so the lights appear one on top of the other.  This will mark the direction you must take to exit exactly where you entered!

Even though Bonaire is known for its shore diving, you can still make arrangements to dive this island from a boat if schlepping your own gear does not appeal to you.  In fact, many sites, such as those around Klein Bonaire are only accessible by boat.  The bottom line is,  Bonaire offers something for every kind of diver and is an island not to be missed.

Next week Mike will impart his wisdom about scuba cylinders in “Tanks for the Memories”. As always feel free to follow the blog, share us on Facebook or tweet us out to your friends. Until next time, cheers!

Six Things: Underwater Photography

Today, we will be starting a series called Six Things. This series will come out the first Sunday of every month and deal with one specific topic.  The first Six Things post will deal with underwater photography. In the last two months, our newsletter has dealt with how to use your photos and videos to create presentations to share with family and friends.  The question remains, however, how does one get those great underwater shots that will make you the envy of other divers?  Lets examine Six Things that every underwater photographer needs to know!

Tip #1

Buoyancy, buoyancy, buoyancy!  Work on your buoyancy first without your camera.  Be sure that you are comfortable hovering in all orientations: upright, prone, upside down, sideways, on your head, in a tube, with a paddlefish bearing down on you, etc.  Remember that you need to not only hover in close to your subject, but you have to also be able to back up!  You never know when a Mantis Shrimp will take issue with your presence.  After you have mastered those skills, add your camera.  Again, practice hovering with the camera out in front of you, while you are upside down, etc.  You will find that adding the camera may necessitate adjusting your weights and/or weight distribution.  Be sure to do this in some spot that does not have delicate life that could be destroyed if you make a mistake.  Have your buddy help by telling you how you are looking underwater.

Tip #2

Get close to your subject, but use patience when doing it.  Try to avoid descending on top of them, or swimming at them head on, as these are approaches used by predators and will likely cause your subject to flee.  Take your time, breathing slowly, inching towards your subject, making no sudden moves that will frighten them.  Moreover, be sure you know you ‘prey’.  Turtles, for example, will swim with you and provide you with some great shots.  But if you approach them from the front to rear, they will spook and run away.

Tip #3

One of the best things about a coral reef is the riot of color and you naturally want to be able to share that with your friend.  However, as you learned in your open water and advanced open water underwater photography section, water absorbs color.  To correct for this, use a strobe, or white balance your camera.  The strobe is for deeper water and will provide a full spectrum light to subjects within about 4 ft. If you are shallow and do not want to use a light, you can manually white balance your camera, or use its underwater setting.  Another alternative would be to use a red filter that will help to produce more true to life colors in your photos.

Great example of use a strobe to make those colors pop!
Not to mention the great upward angle!

Tip #4

Get a good angle! Shoot at an upward angle like picture above.  Again, this is in part to avoid not appearing to be prey and part to do with the fact that an upward angle will help your subject pop out more against a blue background.  Shoot multiples, remembering that you can take both horizontal and vertical shots.  When it comes to photography, quality is sometimes a function of quantity.

Nice vertical angle

Tip #5

Take turns and be courteous to other photographers.  Your subjects are wild and will spook if they are crowded.  Take your pictures and move so others can do the same.  Karma can be a blessing or a curse!

Tip #6

Finally, remember that no shot is worth ruining the underwater environment.  Sometimes, you will just have to be content with the fact that some shots will only be recorded in your mind!

Those are your Six Things for underwater photography.  As always, please like us on Facebook, subscribe to the newsletter, and share us with your friends.  Leave a comment and give us some feedback or better yet share an underwater photography story.  Don’t forget to take the poll on the right and until next time, cheers!

Team Manta